🇺🇸 英文文法指南
英文不規則動詞，依規律分組
不規則動詞之所以背不起來，是因為你是用字母順序的清單認識它們的。依形狀分組後，大約只剩八種規律。記住規律，裡面的動詞幾乎是免費附贈的。
完全不變
cut / cut / cut — 一個形式做三件事。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | -ing |
|---|---|---|---|
| cut | cut | cut | cutting |
| put | put | put | putting |
| let | let | let | letting |
| hit | hit | hit | hitting |
| read | read | read | reading |
| ⚠️ 拼寫始終相同，但過去式和分詞讀作 /rɛd/，與顏色 red 同音。只有讀音能區分時態。 | |||
i → a → u
sing / sang / sung，母音走過三個位置。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | -ing |
|---|---|---|---|
| sing | sang | sung | singing |
| drink | drank | drunk | drinking |
| swim | swam | swum | swimming |
| ring | rang | rung | ringing |
| begin | began | begun | beginning |
-ought / -aught
buy / bought / bought，過去式和過去分詞相同，都收在那個厚重的音。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | -ing |
|---|---|---|---|
| buy | bought | bought | buying |
| bring | brought | brought | bringing |
| think | thought | thought | thinking |
| teach | taught | taught | teaching |
| catch | caught | caught | catching |
o → o + -en
break / broke / broken，過去式換母音，過去分詞加 -en。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | -ing |
|---|---|---|---|
| break | broke | broken | breaking |
| speak | spoke | spoken | speaking |
| steal | stole | stolen | stealing |
| choose | chose | chosen | choosing |
| drive | drove | driven | driving |
| write | wrote | written | writing |
-ew / -own
know / knew / known，數量不多但非常一致。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | -ing |
|---|---|---|---|
| know | knew | known | knowing |
| grow | grew | grown | growing |
| throw | threw | thrown | throwing |
| fly | flew | flown | flying |
d → t
send / sent / sent，字尾的 d 硬化成 t 之後就不動了。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | -ing |
|---|---|---|---|
| send | sent | sent | sending |
| feel | felt | felt | feeling |
| keep | kept | kept | keeping |
| sleep | slept | slept | sleeping |
| leave | left | left | leaving |
| lose | lost | lost | losing |
過去式 = 過去分詞
沒有共同形狀，但要記的形式從三個變兩個。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | -ing |
|---|---|---|---|
| have | had | had | having |
| make | made | made | making |
| say | said | said | saying |
| tell | told | told | telling |
| find | found | found | finding |
| hear | heard | heard | hearing |
| lead | led | led | leading |
| ⚠️ lead 的過去式拼作 led，不是 lead，讀音與 red 押韻。金屬 lead 是另一個詞。 | |||
| hang | hung | hung | hanging |
| ⚠️ 物品用 hung：I hung the picture。規則形式 hanged 只用於絞刑。 | |||
| lay | laid | laid | laying |
| ⚠️ lay 意為放下某物，必須帶受詞：I lay the book on the table。不能用於自己的身體，那要用 lie。 | |||
三個形式都不同
go / went / gone，只能一個一個記，但數量不多。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | -ing |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been | being |
| ⚠️ be 是唯一有兩個過去式的動詞：I/he/she/it 用 was，you/we/they 用 were。 | |||
| go | went | gone | going |
| do | did | done | doing |
| take | took | taken | taking |
| come | came | come | coming |
| see | saw | seen | seeing |
| get | got | gotten | getting |
| ⚠️ 美式英語用 gotten（I have gotten better），英式用 got（I have got better）。在各自地區都正確。 | |||
| give | gave | given | giving |
| eat | ate | eaten | eating |
| lie | lay | lain | lying |
| ⚠️ lie 意為躺下，不帶受詞：I lie on the bed。其過去式是 lay，而 lay 又是另一個動詞的原形。注意：表示說謊的 lie 是規則動詞（lied, lied）。 | |||
| prove | proved | proven | proving |
| ⚠️ 兩種分詞都規範：I have proven it 與 I have proved it。名詞前通常用 proven（a proven method）。 | |||
拿來用：練一段真實的英文對話
在瀏覽器免費試用免註冊。在這一頁就能免費對話 5 回。
